Golfers in Buffalo, Minneapolis-St. Paul and Syracuse get the fewest playable golf days of America's largest metro areas, at 172.9, 173.5 and 173.6 a year, according to an analysis by golf simulator retailer GolfBays. The three are within a day of each other, at less than half the year, while San Diego (344.4) and Los Angeles (342.8) have the most, about twice as many. The analysis covers the 100 largest US metros, 94 of them ranked, and counts a day as playable when the high was from 50°F to 100°F, less than 0.10 inch of rain or melted snow fell, and less than 1 inch of snow was on the ground, using NOAA daily weather records for 2016 to 2025.

Study highlights
- Buffalo (172.9), Minneapolis-St. Paul (173.5) and Syracuse (173.6) had the fewest playable golf days a year of the 94 large US metros ranked by GolfBays for 2016 to 2025, less than half the year, with Madison about a day behind at 174.7.
- San Diego (344.4) and Los Angeles (342.8) had the most playable golf days a year from 2016 to 2025, about twice as many as Buffalo (172.9), according to GolfBays.
- Phoenix had 238.1 playable golf days a year from 2016 to 2025 once days with a high above 100°F are counted as lost, fewer than Washington (242.2) or Nashville (246.2), and would have 348.5 with no heat limit, according to GolfBays.
- Buffalo lost 22.0 weekends a year to the weather from 2016 to 2025 and once went 25 weekends in a row without a playable Saturday or Sunday, from October 28, 2017 to April 15, 2018, according to GolfBays.
- Rain was the biggest cause of lost golf days in 45 of the 94 ranked metros from 2016 to 2025, ahead of cold in 41 and heat in 8, and Miami lost 91.9 days a year to rain of 0.10 inch or more, the most of any ranked metro, according to GolfBays.
The full ranking: playable golf days a year in the 100 largest US metros
The table ranks 94 metros. Rank 1 is the metro with the fewest playable days, and an equals sign marks a joint rank, shared by metros within 1.0 day of the first metro in the group. Every figure is the 2016 to 2025 average at one named weather station, listed under Methodology, and is in days a year unless the column says otherwise.
| Rank | Metro | Playable days | Days lost to | Playable Nov to Mar (of 151) | Lost weekends | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A year | % of year | Cold | Heat | Rain | Snow cover | ||||
| 1= | Buffalo-Cheektowaga, NY | 172.9 | 47.4% | 131.6 | 0.0 | 58.8 | 1.7 | 19.6 | 22.0 |
| 1= | Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI | 173.5 | 47.5% | 146.8 | 0.1 | 43.5 | 1.2 | 18.2 | 21.0 |
| 1= | Syracuse, NY | 173.6 | 47.6% | 127.3 | 0.0 | 61.1 | 3.0 | 22.2 | 21.2 |
| 4 | Madison, WI | 174.7 | 47.9% | 138.8 | 0.0 | 49.8 | 1.7 | 20.3 | 21.1 |
| 5= | Grand Rapids-Wyoming-Kentwood, MI | 179.2 | 49.1% | 133.7 | 0.0 | 51.7 | 0.4 | 22.7 | 20.7 |
| 5= | Worcester, MA | 180.2 | 49.4% | 130.7 | 0.0 | 54.0 | not reported | 23.1 | 18.9 |
| 7= | Milwaukee-Waukesha, WI | 181.2 | 49.6% | 136.7 | 0.1 | 46.0 | 1.0 | 24.7 | 20.0 |
| 7= | Rochester, NY | 181.5 | 49.7% | 128.0 | 0.0 | 53.4 | 2.1 | 24.4 | 20.4 |
| 7= | Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY | 182.0 | 49.9% | 124.3 | 0.0 | 57.0 | 1.7 | 24.4 | 19.4 |
| 10 | Cleveland, OH | 189.2 | 51.8% | 109.0 | 0.0 | 66.1 | 0.6 | 34.4 | 18.6 |
| 11= | Akron, OH | 190.5 | 52.2% | 106.9 | 0.0 | 66.5 | 1.0 | 33.2 | 18.2 |
| 11= | Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI | 191.2 | 52.4% | 120.4 | 0.0 | 52.1 | 1.3 | 29.5 | 18.5 |
| 11= | Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN | 191.2 | 52.4% | 119.9 | 0.0 | 53.6 | 0.3 | 31.7 | 17.7 |
| 14 | Pittsburgh, PA | 193.5 | 53.0% | 100.8 | 0.0 | 69.7 | 0.9 | 39.3 | 17.2 |
| 15 | Toledo, OH | 196.5 | 53.8% | 112.7 | 0.0 | 55.5 | 0.3 | 34.9 | 17.8 |
| 16= | Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT | 197.6 | 54.1% | 108.3 | 0.0 | 57.0 | 2.1 | 34.8 | 16.4 |
| 16= | Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH | 198.1 | 54.3% | 113.0 | 0.1 | 53.8 | not reported | 35.0 | 15.9 |
| 18 | Kiryas Joel-Poughkeepsie-Newburgh, NY | 199.7 | 54.7% | 108.3 | 0.0 | 57.0 | not reported | 36.9 | 16.4 |
| 19 | Providence-Warwick, RI-MA | 201.3 | 55.2% | 103.5 | 0.0 | 59.7 | 0.5 | 37.6 | 15.8 |
| 20 | Columbus, OH | 202.5 | 55.5% | 91.7 | 0.0 | 70.3 | 0.4 | 43.9 | 16.3 |
| 21= | Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ | 204.7 | 56.1% | 98.1 | 0.0 | 61.2 | 1.0 | 42.9 | 16.0 |
| 21= | Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA | 205.4 | 56.3% | 135.9 | 2.0 | 20.7 | 1.0 | 20.3 | 19.9 |
| 23= | Dayton-Kettering-Beavercreek, OH | 205.8 | 56.4% | 94.1 | 0.0 | 64.7 | 0.3 | 43.3 | 15.1 |
| 23= | Bridgeport-Stamford-Danbury, CT | 206.3 | 56.5% | 101.3 | 0.0 | 56.3 | 1.1 | 38.8 | 15.4 |
| 25 | Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA | 207.2 | 56.8% | 110.9 | 0.2 | 45.7 | 1.0 | 41.6 | 16.8 |
| 26= | New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ | 208.8 | 57.2% | 92.5 | 0.0 | 62.9 | 0.7 | 46.2 | 15.3 |
| 26= | Indianapolis-Carmel-Greenwood, IN | 209.6 | 57.4% | 93.3 | 0.0 | 61.7 | 0.5 | 45.4 | 15.0 |
| 28 | Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN | 210.7 | 57.7% | 82.5 | 0.0 | 71.3 | 0.4 | 49.9 | 13.9 |
| 29 | Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA | 212.1 | 58.1% | 94.0 | 0.0 | 58.4 | 0.6 | 48.3 | 15.4 |
| 30 | Omaha, NE-IA | 218.9 | 60.0% | 103.2 | 1.0 | 41.5 | 0.4 | 49.6 | 13.3 |
| 31= | Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA | 223.8 | 61.3% | 75.5 | 0.3 | 65.4 | 0.0 | 43.0 | 15.0 |
| 31= | Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD | 223.8 | 61.3% | 78.7 | 0.1 | 61.8 | 0.5 | 56.3 | 13.2 |
| 33 | Salt Lake City-Murray, UT | 229.3 | 62.8% | 99.5 | 10.3 | 24.9 | 1.0 | 48.2 | 14.3 |
| 34= | Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN | 231.3 | 63.4% | 60.7 | 0.2 | 72.3 | 0.5 | 66.1 | 11.2 |
| 34= | St. Louis, MO-IL | 231.6 | 63.5% | 72.2 | 1.8 | 58.5 | 0.8 | 64.4 | 11.2 |
| 36= | Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD | 233.5 | 64.0% | 68.0 | 0.5 | 62.4 | 0.5 | 67.1 | 10.5 |
| 36= | Boise City, ID | 234.3 | 64.2% | 98.1 | 9.9 | 22.6 | 0.1 | 48.0 | 14.3 |
| 38= | Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA | 234.7 | 64.3% | 62.2 | 1.8 | 66.3 | 0.0 | 55.1 | 14.0 |
| 38= | Kansas City, MO-KS | 235.2 | 64.4% | 78.4 | 0.2 | 50.8 | 0.4 | 67.6 | 11.7 |
| 40 | Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler, AZ | 238.1 | 65.2% | 0.1 | 113.1 | 13.7 | 0.0 | 142.1 | 14.5 |
| 41= | Knoxville, TN | 241.8 | 66.2% | 44.9 | 0.0 | 78.3 | 0.0 | 77.2 | 9.5 |
| 41= | Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV | 242.2 | 66.4% | 59.1 | 0.6 | 62.8 | 0.4 | 74.5 | 9.8 |
| 43 | Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN | 246.2 | 67.5% | 38.9 | 0.4 | 79.2 | 0.3 | 81.7 | 9.0 |
| 44 | Richmond, VA | 248.8 | 68.2% | 45.9 | 0.6 | 69.2 | 0.5 | 83.5 | 8.6 |
| 45 | Wichita, KS | 253.2 | 69.4% | 59.6 | 7.7 | 44.2 | 0.4 | 86.6 | 9.0 |
| 46 | Virginia Beach-Chesapeake-Norfolk, VA-NC | 254.7 | 69.8% | 42.7 | 0.4 | 66.6 | 0.6 | 85.5 | 7.1 |
| 47= | Greensboro-High Point, NC | 256.3 | 70.2% | 41.7 | 0.0 | 66.3 | 0.7 | 87.8 | 8.5 |
| 47= | Denver-Aurora-Centennial, CO | 256.6 | 70.3% | 80.9 | 1.3 | 21.5 | 4.7 | 73.8 | 9.0 |
| 47= | Memphis, TN-MS-AR | 256.7 | 70.3% | 35.0 | 1.2 | 72.1 | 0.0 | 86.1 | 7.7 |
| 50 | Colorado Springs, CO | 257.6 | 70.6% | 77.3 | 0.1 | 27.2 | 2.9 | 80.1 | 8.3 |
| 51 | Chattanooga, TN-GA | 259.3 | 71.0% | 29.1 | 0.3 | 76.3 | 0.0 | 90.7 | 7.4 |
| 52= | Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR | 262.6 | 71.9% | 33.7 | 3.2 | 65.2 | 0.3 | 92.3 | 7.8 |
| 52= | Tulsa, OK | 263.3 | 72.1% | 41.4 | 5.0 | 55.1 | 0.2 | 95.6 | 7.3 |
| 54= | Raleigh-Cary, NC | 265.7 | 72.8% | 30.2 | 1.3 | 67.6 | 0.2 | 98.6 | 6.4 |
| 54= | Greenville-Anderson-Greer, SC | 266.6 | 73.0% | 27.5 | 0.1 | 70.1 | 0.7 | 98.6 | 5.9 |
| 56 | Birmingham, AL | 267.9 | 73.4% | 19.4 | 0.4 | 77.3 | 0.0 | 99.3 | 7.0 |
| 57 | Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC | 269.4 | 73.8% | 26.3 | 0.5 | 68.5 | 0.3 | 100.1 | 5.7 |
| 58= | Las Vegas-Henderson-North Las Vegas, NV | 272.0 | 74.5% | 4.7 | 79.6 | 8.7 | 0.0 | 141.4 | 11.4 |
| 58= | Tucson, AZ | 272.4 | 74.6% | 0.9 | 71.3 | 20.4 | 0.0 | 140.5 | 9.0 |
| 58= | Jackson, MS | 272.8 | 74.7% | 14.0 | 2.2 | 75.8 | 0.2 | 105.5 | 4.6 |
| 61= | Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL | 273.1 | 74.8% | 0.0 | 0.0 | 91.9 | 0.0 | 130.0 | 7.2 |
| 61= | Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA | 273.6 | 75.0% | 19.8 | 0.0 | 71.5 | 0.1 | 102.8 | 4.3 |
| 61= | Oklahoma City, OK | 274.1 | 75.1% | 41.0 | 4.9 | 44.5 | 0.6 | 101.8 | 7.1 |
| 64 | Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL | 277.5 | 76.0% | 0.2 | 0.0 | 87.3 | 0.0 | 131.3 | 5.3 |
| 65= | Austin-Round Rock-San Marcos, TX | 278.6 | 76.3% | 9.7 | 34.1 | 42.5 | 0.2 | 127.3 | 5.7 |
| 65= | Baton Rouge, LA | 278.9 | 76.4% | 6.0 | 2.9 | 77.1 | 0.1 | 118.0 | 4.7 |
| 67= | Columbia, SC | 281.5 | 77.1% | 14.7 | 3.0 | 65.8 | 0.0 | 111.1 | 5.1 |
| 67= | New Orleans-Metairie, LA | 281.7 | 77.2% | 4.8 | 0.6 | 77.9 | 0.0 | 119.5 | 4.5 |
| 69= | Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX | 282.8 | 77.5% | 18.7 | 15.4 | 47.9 | 0.2 | 116.8 | 4.9 |
| 69= | McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX | 283.5 | 77.7% | 3.4 | 49.6 | 28.5 | 0.0 | 137.2 | 6.8 |
| 71= | Jacksonville, FL | 285.2 | 78.1% | 2.2 | 0.3 | 77.3 | 0.0 | 125.6 | 4.4 |
| 71= | Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL | 286.2 | 78.4% | 0.3 | 0.1 | 78.4 | 0.0 | 131.5 | 4.0 |
| 73= | Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL | 287.0 | 78.6% | 0.1 | 0.0 | 77.9 | 0.0 | 137.8 | 5.0 |
| 73= | Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC | 287.9 | 78.9% | 9.1 | 1.6 | 66.5 | 0.0 | 114.8 | 3.4 |
| 75= | Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL | 288.3 | 79.0% | 0.2 | 0.0 | 76.5 | 0.0 | 130.7 | 4.5 |
| 75= | Houston-Pasadena-The Woodlands, TX | 288.8 | 79.1% | 6.4 | 7.6 | 62.2 | 0.0 | 122.7 | 3.8 |
| 75= | Charleston-North Charleston, SC | 289.2 | 79.2% | 8.2 | 0.2 | 67.2 | 0.2 | 121.0 | 3.5 |
| 78 | Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL | 289.5 | 79.3% | 0.4 | 0.0 | 75.1 | 0.0 | 134.8 | 3.6 |
| 79= | Fresno, CA | 291.0 | 79.7% | 4.9 | 44.4 | 24.8 | 0.0 | 125.8 | 7.1 |
| 79= | Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL | 291.3 | 79.8% | 0.4 | 0.0 | 73.3 | 0.0 | 133.2 | 3.9 |
| 81= | North Port-Bradenton-Sarasota, FL | 296.8 | 81.3% | 0.4 | 0.0 | 67.8 | 0.0 | 136.6 | 4.0 |
| 81= | Bakersfield-Delano, CA | 297.0 | 81.4% | 3.6 | 45.0 | 19.5 | 0.0 | 131.6 | 6.9 |
| 83 | San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX | 299.2 | 82.0% | 7.8 | 18.0 | 39.8 | 0.2 | 130.3 | 3.9 |
| 84 | Albuquerque, NM | 302.1 | 82.8% | 44.1 | 2.5 | 16.3 | 0.0 | 105.6 | 4.6 |
| 85= | El Paso, TX | 306.6 | 84.0% | 6.8 | 34.8 | 16.9 | 0.0 | 140.1 | 4.3 |
| 85= | Stockton-Lodi, CA | 307.4 | 84.2% | 4.0 | 23.6 | 30.0 | 0.0 | 122.2 | 5.3 |
| 87 | Sacramento-Roseville-Folsom, CA | 309.3 | 84.7% | 5.7 | 14.5 | 35.5 | 0.0 | 115.9 | 5.3 |
| 88= | Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA | 325.7 | 89.2% | 0.3 | 21.4 | 17.6 | 0.0 | 136.0 | 2.3 |
| 88= | San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA | 325.7 | 89.2% | 0.4 | 0.3 | 38.5 | 0.0 | 117.4 | 3.3 |
| 90 | San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA | 333.9 | 91.5% | 0.0 | 1.7 | 29.4 | 0.0 | 126.1 | 2.2 |
| 91= | Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA | 341.3 | 93.5% | 0.0 | 0.6 | 23.1 | not reported | 130.6 | 1.3 |
| 91= | Urban Honolulu, HI | 341.8 | 93.6% | 0.0 | 0.0 | 23.2 | 0.0 | 138.1 | 0.6 |
| 93 | Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA | 342.8 | 93.9% | 0.0 | 1.6 | 20.6 | 0.0 | 133.3 | 0.8 |
| 94 | San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad, CA | 344.4 | 94.4% | 0.0 | 0.1 | 20.5 | 0.0 | 133.6 | 0.8 |
The stations for Worcester, Boston and Kiryas Joel-Poughkeepsie do not report snow depth, so days with snow on the ground could not be removed and those three figures may be a little high. The Oxnard station does not report it either, which makes no difference there because it recorded no freezing day in the ten years. Toledo, Augusta and San Francisco are averaged over nine years, because one year at each station had 5% or more of its days missing.
Not ranked:
Six of the 100 metros are shown but not ranked, because NOAA keeps no long-running city weather record for them. The figure beside each one is not that metro's own reading. It comes from the nearest NOAA city record, which is named in the table.
| Metro | Playable days a year at the nearest record | Where that figure was measured | Why it is not ranked |
|---|---|---|---|
| Provo-Orem-Lehi, UT | 229.3 | Salt Lake City International Airport, 40 miles from Provo | NOAA keeps no city weather record for Provo and none inside this metro. The figure is not this metro's own reading. That record is already ranked as Salt Lake City. |
| Winston-Salem, NC | 256.3 | Piedmont Triad International Airport, Greensboro, 18 miles from Winston-Salem | NOAA keeps no city weather record for Winston-Salem and none inside this metro. The figure is not this metro's own reading. That record is already ranked as Greensboro. |
| Ogden, UT | 229.3 | Salt Lake City International Airport, 32 miles from Ogden | NOAA keeps no city weather record for Ogden and none inside this metro. The figure is not this metro's own reading. That record is already ranked as Salt Lake City. |
| Durham-Chapel Hill, NC | 265.7 | Raleigh-Durham International Airport, 9 miles from Durham | NOAA keeps no city weather record for Durham and none inside this metro. The figure is not this metro's own reading. That record is already ranked as Raleigh. |
| Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR | 267.3 | Fort Smith Regional Airport, 52 miles from Fayetteville | NOAA keeps no city weather record for Fayetteville and none inside this metro. The figure is not this metro's own reading. That record belongs to a metro outside the 100 largest. |
| New Haven, CT | 206.3 | Bridgeport-Sikorsky Airport, Stratford, 15 miles from New Haven | NOAA keeps no city weather record for New Haven and none inside this metro. The figure is not this metro's own reading. That record is already ranked as Bridgeport. |
States with no metro in the top 100
Eleven states have no top-100 metro whose first-named city is in the state. For those states the table gives the same figures for the largest city in the state, measured the same way over 2016 to 2025. These cities are listed for reference and are not ranked.
| State | Largest city, measured at | Playable days | Days lost to | Playable Nov to Mar (of 151) | Lost weekends | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A year | % of year | Cold | Heat | Rain | Snow cover | ||||
| Alaska | AnchorageTed Stevens Anchorage International Airport | 135.4 | 37.1% | 197.3 | 0.0 | 30.1 | 2.2 | 0.4 | 29.2 |
| Delaware | WilmingtonWilmington Airport, New Castle | 223.8 | 61.3% | 77.9 | 0.1 | 62.5 | 0.6 | 57.6 | 12.5 |
| Maine | PortlandPortland International Jetport | 178.0 | 48.8% | 136.4 | 0.0 | 47.2 | 3.4 | 16.3 | 20.1 |
| Montana | BillingsBillings Logan International Airport | 213.5 | 58.5% | 123.5 | 1.9 | 24.7 | 1.4 | 42.3 | 16.2 |
| New Hampshire | ManchesterManchester-Boston Regional Airport | 191.6 | 52.5% | 118.1 | 0.1 | 52.8 | 2.4 | 29.2 | 17.7 |
| New Jersey | NewarkNewark Liberty International Airport | 214.3 | 58.7% | 86.5 | 0.9 | 62.3 | 0.9 | 50.4 | 14.8 |
| North Dakota | FargoHector International Airport, Fargo | 173.3 | 47.5% | 161.4 | 0.2 | 29.5 | 0.7 | 13.0 | 22.1 |
| South Dakota | Sioux FallsSioux Falls Regional Airport | 196.3 | 53.8% | 132.2 | 0.6 | 34.5 | 1.4 | 29.9 | 17.8 |
| Vermont | BurlingtonPatrick Leahy Burlington International Airport | 167.1 | 45.8% | 139.0 | 0.0 | 56.6 | 2.3 | 14.2 | 21.7 |
| West Virginia | CharlestonWest Virginia International Yeager Airport, Charleston | 220.1 | 60.3% | 65.5 | 0.0 | 78.8 | 0.5 | 60.7 | 11.3 |
| Wyoming | CheyenneCheyenne Regional Airport | 225.4 | 61.8% | 113.4 | 0.0 | 23.4 | 2.8 | 52.8 | 12.6 |
Anchorage (135.4) and Burlington, Vermont (167.1) had fewer playable days than any ranked metro, and Fargo (173.3) is level with Buffalo. The headline finding is about the largest metros, not every city in the country.
Metros with the fewest playable golf days
Buffalo (172.9), Minneapolis-St. Paul (173.5) and Syracuse (173.6) are joint 1st for the fewest playable days, all within a day of each other. Madison is 4th at 174.7, about a day further back.
Cold is the main cause. Minneapolis-St. Paul lost 146.8 days a year to highs under 50°F, the most of any ranked metro, and Buffalo lost 131.6. Rain adds to it in upstate New York. Syracuse had 95.9 days a year with 0.10 inch or more, the most of any ranked metro, and Buffalo had 94.5.
Nine metros were playable on fewer than half the days of the year: the four above plus Grand Rapids (179.2), Worcester (180.2), Milwaukee (181.2), Rochester (181.5) and Albany (182.0). Eighteen metros had fewer than 200 playable days. They include Cleveland (189.2), Detroit and Chicago (both 191.2), Pittsburgh (193.5) and Boston (198.1). New York, measured in Central Park, had 208.8, joint 26th with Indianapolis (209.6). The median ranked metro had 256.4.
Metros with the most playable golf days
San Diego (344.4) and Los Angeles (342.8) have the most playable days, followed by Honolulu (341.8) and Oxnard (341.3), which share a joint rank. San Jose (333.9) is fifth from the most.
San Diego's lead over Los Angeles is under two days, and it depends on where Los Angeles is measured. The figure in the table is for the downtown Los Angeles station. At Los Angeles International Airport, a record the station rule did not select, the same count gives 345.1, more than San Diego. The safest reading is that San Diego and Los Angeles have the most, with neither clearly ahead.
Eleven metros had 300 or more playable days a year, eight of them in California. The others are Honolulu, El Paso and Albuquerque. In six of them (San Diego, Los Angeles, Honolulu, Oxnard, San Jose and San Francisco) rain is almost the only thing that removes a day: San Diego lost 20.5 days a year to rain, 0.1 to heat and none to cold.
From the fewest to the most the gap is 171.5 days a year. San Diego had 1.99 times as many playable days as Buffalo.
What highs above 100°F do to playable days in the Sun Belt
A day with a high above 100°F is counted as lost, and that one line decides where the desert metros rank. Phoenix lost 113.1 days a year to heat and had 238.1 playable days, 40th of the 94 ranked metros counting up from the fewest, between Kansas City (235.2) and Washington (242.2). With no heat cap Phoenix would have 348.5.
Las Vegas had 272.0 playable days with the cap, about a day fewer than Miami (273.1). Without it Las Vegas would have 350.9, the most of any ranked metro.
Heat was the biggest cause of lost days in eight metros: Phoenix, Las Vegas, Tucson, McAllen, Bakersfield, Fresno, El Paso and Riverside. The table shows the fourteen metros that lost 10 or more days a year to heat, with the figure without the heat cap beside the main one.
| Metro | Days a year with a high above 100°F | Playable days a year | Playable days a year with no heat cap |
|---|---|---|---|
| Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler, AZ | 113.1 | 238.1 | 348.5 |
| Las Vegas-Henderson-North Las Vegas, NV | 79.6 | 272.0 | 350.9 |
| Tucson, AZ | 71.3 | 272.4 | 339.8 |
| McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX | 49.6 | 283.5 | 332.1 |
| Bakersfield-Delano, CA | 45.0 | 297.0 | 341.9 |
| Fresno, CA | 44.4 | 291.0 | 335.3 |
| El Paso, TX | 34.8 | 306.6 | 340.4 |
| Austin-Round Rock-San Marcos, TX | 34.1 | 278.6 | 311.7 |
| Stockton-Lodi, CA | 23.6 | 307.4 | 331.0 |
| Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA | 21.4 | 325.7 | 346.9 |
| San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX | 18.0 | 299.2 | 316.9 |
| Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX | 15.4 | 282.8 | 297.6 |
| Sacramento-Roseville-Folsom, CA | 14.5 | 309.3 | 323.8 |
| Salt Lake City-Murray, UT | 10.3 | 229.3 | 239.6 |
A high above 100°F does not mean nobody played, because a round that starts at dawn is over before the hottest part of the day. That is why both figures are printed. The 100°F line matches the International Golf Federation's Extreme Heat Guidelines for Golf (3rd edition, April 2023), which rate air temperature above 100°F as an "extremely high" risk of heat illness and tell organizers to consider postponing the event. The same guidelines advise timing play to avoid the hottest part of the day. They are written for tournaments and are not mandatory.
Playable golf days from November to March
From November to March the median ranked metro had 86.4 playable days out of 151. Minneapolis-St. Paul had 18.2, Buffalo 19.6, Madison and Spokane 20.3 each and Syracuse 22.2. Chicago had 31.7, Boston 35.0 and New York 46.2.
The desert leads in winter. Phoenix had 142.1 playable days out of 151, the most of any ranked metro, ahead of Las Vegas (141.4), Tucson (140.5), El Paso (140.1) and Honolulu (138.1). Phoenix has both the most playable days from November to March and the most days lost to heat.
Lost golf weekends and the longest runs without a playable weekend
A lost weekend is one where neither Saturday nor Sunday was playable. Buffalo lost 22.0 weekends a year, the most of any ranked metro, ahead of Syracuse (21.2), Madison (21.1), Minneapolis-St. Paul (21.0) and Grand Rapids (20.7). The median ranked metro lost 8.8 weekends a year, and 41 metros lost 10 or more.
Buffalo also had the longest unbroken run. It went 25 weekends in a row without a playable Saturday or Sunday, from October 28, 2017 to April 15, 2018. Madison and Grand Rapids each went 22 weekends from October 20, 2018 to March 17, 2019, and Rochester went 21 and Minneapolis-St. Paul 20 in the same winter.
| Metro | Lost weekends a year | Longest run of lost weekends | Dates of that run |
|---|---|---|---|
| Buffalo-Cheektowaga, NY | 22.0 | 25 | October 28, 2017 to April 15, 2018 |
| Syracuse, NY | 21.2 | 17 | December 2, 2017 to March 25, 2018 |
| Madison, WI | 21.1 | 22 | October 20, 2018 to March 17, 2019 |
| Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI | 21.0 | 20 | November 3, 2018 to March 17, 2019 |
| Grand Rapids-Wyoming-Kentwood, MI | 20.7 | 22 | October 20, 2018 to March 17, 2019 |
| Rochester, NY | 20.4 | 21 | October 27, 2018 to March 17, 2019 |
| Milwaukee-Waukesha, WI | 20.0 | 14 | December 9, 2017 to March 11, 2018 |
| Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA | 19.9 | 19 | November 10, 2018 to March 17, 2019 |
| Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY | 19.4 | 18 | November 14, 2020 to March 14, 2021 |
| Worcester, MA | 18.9 | 13 | December 19, 2020 to March 14, 2021 |
Where a metro reached its longest run more than once, the first run is shown.
Heat does the same in the desert. Phoenix lost 14.5 weekends a year, about as many as Seattle (15.0) and New York (15.3), and went 16 weekends in a row from June 1 to September 15, 2024 without a weekend day at or under 100°F. At the other end, Honolulu lost 0.6 weekends a year and San Diego and Los Angeles 0.8 each.
For days that do not make the count, GolfBays sells golf simulator bundles and practice nets for practicing at home.
Methodology
- Sources: daily high temperature, precipitation and snow depth from the NOAA Regional Climate Centers' Applied Climate Information System, using its ThreadEx city records, pulled October 2, 2026. Metro populations from the Census Bureau's Vintage 2025 metro area estimates (population on July 1, 2025, file dated March 26, 2026) and city populations from its Vintage 2025 city estimates (file dated May 14, 2026), both downloaded October 2, 2026. Heat guidance from the International Golf Federation's Extreme Heat Guidelines for Golf, 3rd edition, April 2023.
- Period: the ten full calendar years 2016 to 2025. Only the ten-year average is ranked.
- Calculation: a day is playable when the daily high was from 50°F to 100°F inclusive, precipitation was under 0.10 inch and snow depth was under 1 inch. Playable days a year is calculated as the playable days in each year divided by the days with data, times 365, averaged over the ten years. Share of the year is playable days divided by 365.
- Lost days: each lost day gets one cause, tested in this order: cold (high under 50°F), heat (high over 100°F), rain (0.10 inch or more of precipitation on a day that passed the temperature test) and snow cover (1 inch or more on the ground on a day that passed the other tests). A wet day that was also too cold counts as cold, so days lost to rain are fewer than wet days wherever it is cold. Seattle had 93.9 days a year with 0.10 inch or more, and 65.4 of them count as lost to rain.
- November to March: counted inside each calendar year (January to March plus November and December) and given as days out of 151.
- Lost weekends: a weekend is lost when Saturday and Sunday both failed the rule. The yearly figure is the ten-year count divided by ten, from the 522 weekends between January 2, 2016 and December 28, 2025. The longest run is searched across all ten years.
- Scope: the 100 largest metropolitan statistical areas in the 50 states and the District of Columbia by Census Vintage 2025 population. Puerto Rico metros are not included (San Juan would be 36th by population, from the Census Bureau's Vintage 2025 Puerto Rico metro estimates). 94 metros are ranked and 6 are shown without a rank.
- Stations: each metro's figure is the record of one named weather station, not an average across the metro. The station is the NOAA ThreadEx city record named for the metro's first-named city, usually the main airport. Where a city has more than one such record, the National Weather Service's main climate site for the city is used. Where the first-named city has no record, the nearest record sited inside the metro is used (Virginia Beach, North Port, Cape Coral, Deltona, Kiryas Joel and Palm Bay). The choice matters: between two stations in the same city the count differs by 1 to 13 days. Austin has 278.6 at Camp Mabry and 292.0 at Austin-Bergstrom International Airport, Portland 234.7 at its airport and 222.9 downtown, New York 208.8 in Central Park and 213.5 at LaGuardia Airport, and Chicago 191.2 at O'Hare and 194.5 at Midway.
- Completeness: to be ranked, a station needs under 5% of its days missing a high or a precipitation reading over the ten years. Every station used passed, and the highest share missing is 0.85% (Fort Myers). The six metros without a rank (Provo, Winston-Salem, Ogden, Durham, Fayetteville in Arkansas and New Haven) have no NOAA city record of their own, and each is shown with the figure of the nearest record, which is not its own reading.
- Missing days: a day with no high or no precipitation reading is left out and the year is scaled to 365 days. A year with 5% or more of its days missing is left out of that station's average. That applies to Toledo (2024), Augusta (2025) and San Francisco (2018), whose averages cover nine years. With every year kept they would have 197.5, 287.7 and 326.0.
- Snow depth: the snow test is applied only on days with a snow depth report. Where depth is reported the test removes 0.5 days a year on average and at most 4.7 (Denver). Worcester, Boston and Kiryas Joel-Poughkeepsie report no snow depth, so their snow column reads "not reported", the test could not be applied and their figures may be a little high.
- Ties: metros within 1.0 day of the first metro in a group share a rank.
- Sensitivity: the ranking was recomputed five times, changing one line each time, and with a 45°F or a 55°F floor 5 and 7 of the 94 metros move more than 5 ranks while the same three metros have the fewest days. With a 95°F cap 32 metros move more than 5 ranks (Phoenix goes from 40th to 25th), with a 105°F cap 10 do (Phoenix goes to 62nd), and with a 0.25 inch rain line 10 do, with Madison replacing Syracuse in the fewest three. Buffalo and Minneapolis-St. Paul are in the fewest three and San Diego has the most in all five runs.
- What playable means: this is GolfBays' own definition, not an official NOAA statistic. It describes the day's weather at the station (the high, the day's total precipitation and snow on the ground), not whether a course was open or whether anyone played. It does not test wind, lightning, humidity, frost or daylight. A day lost to rain had 0.10 inch or more at some point in the calendar day, which in Florida is often a short afternoon storm.
- Checks: the daily values were compared with NOAA's GHCN-Daily archive for 2024 at 18 stations, including the three with the fewest and the three with the most playable days, and no day was classified differently. Both services draw on the same station observations, so this confirms the pull and the arithmetic, not the instruments.
- Data pulled: October 2, 2026.
Weather station used for each ranked metro
| Metro | Measured at |
|---|---|
| Buffalo, NY | Buffalo Niagara International Airport |
| Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI | Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport |
| Syracuse, NY | Syracuse Hancock International Airport |
| Madison, WI | Dane County Regional Airport, Madison |
| Grand Rapids, MI | Gerald R. Ford International Airport, Grand Rapids |
| Worcester, MA | Worcester Regional Airport |
| Milwaukee, WI | Milwaukee Mitchell International Airport |
| Rochester, NY | Frederick Douglass Greater Rochester International Airport |
| Albany, NY | Albany International Airport |
| Cleveland, OH | Cleveland Hopkins International Airport |
| Akron, OH | Akron-Canton Airport |
| Detroit, MI | Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport |
| Chicago, IL-IN | Chicago O'Hare International Airport |
| Pittsburgh, PA | Pittsburgh International Airport |
| Toledo, OH | Eugene F. Kranz Toledo Express Airport |
| Hartford, CT | Bradley International Airport, Windsor Locks |
| Boston, MA-NH | Boston Logan International Airport |
| Kiryas Joel-Poughkeepsie, NY | Hudson Valley Regional Airport, Poughkeepsie |
| Providence, RI-MA | Rhode Island T. F. Green International Airport, Warwick |
| Columbus, OH | John Glenn Columbus International Airport |
| Allentown, PA-NJ | Lehigh Valley International Airport, Allentown |
| Spokane, WA | Spokane International Airport |
| Dayton, OH | Dayton International Airport |
| Bridgeport, CT | Bridgeport-Sikorsky Airport, Stratford |
| Des Moines, IA | Des Moines International Airport |
| New York, NY-NJ | Central Park, Manhattan |
| Indianapolis, IN | Indianapolis International Airport |
| Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN | Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport |
| Harrisburg, PA | Harrisburg International Airport, Middletown |
| Omaha, NE-IA | Eppley Airfield, Omaha |
| Seattle, WA | Seattle-Tacoma International Airport |
| Philadelphia, PA-NJ-DE-MD | Philadelphia International Airport |
| Salt Lake City, UT | Salt Lake City International Airport |
| Louisville, KY-IN | Louisville Muhammad Ali International Airport |
| St. Louis, MO-IL | St. Louis Lambert International Airport |
| Baltimore, MD | Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport |
| Boise, ID | Boise Airport |
| Portland, OR-WA | Portland International Airport |
| Kansas City, MO-KS | Kansas City International Airport |
| Phoenix, AZ | Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport |
| Knoxville, TN | McGhee Tyson Airport, Knoxville |
| Washington, DC-VA-MD-WV | Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport |
| Nashville, TN | Nashville International Airport |
| Richmond, VA | Richmond International Airport |
| Wichita, KS | Wichita Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport |
| Virginia Beach-Norfolk, VA-NC | Norfolk International Airport |
| Greensboro, NC | Piedmont Triad International Airport, Greensboro |
| Denver, CO | Denver International Airport |
| Memphis, TN-MS-AR | Frederick W. Smith International Airport, Memphis |
| Colorado Springs, CO | Colorado Springs Airport |
| Chattanooga, TN-GA | Chattanooga Metropolitan Airport |
| Little Rock, AR | Bill and Hillary Clinton National Airport, Little Rock |
| Tulsa, OK | Tulsa International Airport |
| Raleigh, NC | Raleigh-Durham International Airport |
| Greenville, SC | Greenville-Spartanburg International Airport, Greer |
| Birmingham, AL | Birmingham-Shuttlesworth International Airport |
| Charlotte, NC-SC | Charlotte Douglas International Airport |
| Las Vegas, NV | Harry Reid International Airport, Las Vegas |
| Tucson, AZ | Tucson International Airport |
| Jackson, MS | Jackson-Medgar Wiley Evers International Airport |
| Miami, FL | Miami International Airport |
| Atlanta, GA | Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport |
| Oklahoma City, OK | OKC Will Rogers International Airport |
| Lakeland, FL | Lakeland Linder International Airport |
| Austin, TX | Camp Mabry, Austin |
| Baton Rouge, LA | Baton Rouge Metropolitan Airport |
| Columbia, SC | Columbia Metropolitan Airport |
| New Orleans, LA | Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport |
| Dallas-Fort Worth, TX | Dallas Fort Worth International Airport |
| McAllen, TX | McAllen International Airport |
| Jacksonville, FL | Jacksonville International Airport |
| Deltona-Daytona Beach, FL | Daytona Beach International Airport |
| Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL | Page Field, Fort Myers |
| Augusta, GA-SC | Augusta Regional Airport |
| Palm Bay-Melbourne, FL | Melbourne Orlando International Airport |
| Houston, TX | George Bush Intercontinental Airport, Houston |
| Charleston, SC | Charleston International Airport |
| Orlando, FL | Orlando International Airport |
| Fresno, CA | Fresno Yosemite International Airport |
| Tampa, FL | Tampa International Airport |
| North Port-Sarasota, FL | Sarasota Bradenton International Airport |
| Bakersfield, CA | Meadows Field Airport, Bakersfield |
| San Antonio, TX | San Antonio International Airport |
| Albuquerque, NM | Albuquerque International Sunport |
| El Paso, TX | El Paso International Airport |
| Stockton, CA | Stockton Metropolitan Airport |
| Sacramento, CA | Sacramento Executive Airport |
| Riverside, CA | Riverside Municipal Airport |
| San Francisco, CA | San Francisco International Airport |
| San Jose, CA | San Jose Mineta International Airport |
| Oxnard, CA | National Weather Service office, Oxnard |
| Honolulu, HI | Daniel K. Inouye International Airport, Honolulu |
| Los Angeles, CA | Downtown Los Angeles |
| San Diego, CA | San Diego International Airport |
About this research
Research by golf simulator retailer GolfBays. Please cite as: GolfBays, "Playable Golf Days by City: 100 Largest US Metros Ranked", 2026, https://golfbays.com/blogs/news/playable-golf-days-by-city.
Download the data: playable-golf-days-by-metro.csv